Aristotle
384-322 BC
Realism
Aristotle
believed in the direct observation of nature, and in science he taught that
theory must follow fact. He considered philosophy to be the discerning of the
self-evident, changeless first principles that form the basis of all knowledge.
Logic was for Aristotle the necessary tool of any inquiry, and the syllogism
was the sequence that all logical thought follows. He introduced the notion of
category into logic and taught that reality could be classified according to
several categories—substance (the primary category), quality, quantity,
relation, determination in time and space, action, passion or passivity,
position, and condition.
Aristotle also
taught that knowledge of a thing, beyond its classification and description,
requires an explanation of causality , or why it is. He posited four causes or
principles of explanation: the material cause (the substance of which the thing
is made); the formal cause (its design); the efficient cause (its maker or
builder); and the final cause (its purpose or function). In modern thought the
efficient cause is generally considered the central explanation of a thing, but
for Aristotle the final cause had primacy.
Aristotle's philosophies of education is true that direct observation of nature is based on fact especially when it became in a science we measure through the fact of our environment. And beyond its classification and description requires and explanation.
TumugonBurahin